Speech therapy is important in retraining the correct use of laryngeal muscles and swallowing. Medical could be cause-specific and include acid suppressants, antibiotics, and TB medication.
In a lot of patients where there is a dysfunctional element, reassurance is often adequate. Voice rest is essential if vocal overuse is the main cause. Radiotherapy is used often in the early stages of squamous cancer of the voice box. Surgery, often combined with medical therapy is often used which includes both lesion removal [as with papillomas] or simply a biopsy to confirm or exclude cancer.
This surgery is done in theatre under anesthetic where a microscope, telescope, and camera system are used together with micro instruments.