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SIALORRHEA
DEFINITION: Sialorrhea is classified as excessive salivation or drooling and can be a result of increased production, decreased clearance or poor containment of the saliva. The problem may be anterior towards the lips or posterior usually associated with a...
SEPTAL PERFORATION
The septum divides the nose into cavities and is made up predominantly of cartilage towards the front of the nose and some bone towards the back. The blood supply comes in from the lining of the septum and any insult on both sides opposite each other will...
TASTE
Basic anatomy and physiology Taste buds are located mainly on the tongue but are also on the palate, cheeks and epiglottis. The taste buds contain different cells responding to different tastes and are more dominant in certain areas. For instance, bitter...
CHOANAL ATRESIA
A: GENERAL This is the In-Utero failure to open the airway at the back of the nose. It can present in adults or children and if in the adult, it is usually one side. In children it can be unilateral (more common and often on the right) or bilateral. ...
Breaking Down Laryngeal Papillomatosis: Medical Management, Risks, and Prevention Methods
MEDCIAL MANAGEMENT: Medical management has been investigated over the last 20 years with some varying success. These medical therapies include Interferons, photodynamic treatment, anti-virals like Acyclovir, BCG which is the TB vaccine and intralesional...
Understanding Laryngeal Papillomatosis: Symptoms and Management
SYMPTOMS: The child will present with hoarseness, stridor and airway obstruction. These symptoms often mimic asthma, croup and bronchitis. Clinically, the diagnosis is made via a flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscope. MANAGEMENT: Surgery whether it be...
PAPILLOMATOSIS OF THE LARYNX
PRACTICAL ESSENTIALS: This growth is benign, similar to a wart and occurs mainly in the larynx. It is rare and usually effects children. EPIDEMIOLOGY: There are over 2000 new cases per year in America with an age predominance of 7 and again between the age of 20...
Navigating Treatment Options for Laryngeal Cancer: From Surgery to Palliative Care
TREATMENT Laryngeal cancer is always treated and treatment is divided into either curative or palliative. The principles of treatment are the following, to decrease disease, to preserve function, to increase survival and to minimize side effects with decrease...
Recognizing Laryngeal Cancer: Symptoms, History, and Diagnostic Approaches
PRESENTATION The presentation of laryngeal cancer is determined by the size of the tumour and the location. It is divided into local, regional and systemic presentation symptoms. The systemic ones would be weight loss and weakness. The regional ones...
Understanding Malignant Tumours of the Larynx: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, and Epidemiology
ANATOMY The larynx is made up of three sections. The glottis which is has the vocal cords. The supraglottis including the epiglottis and the sub-glottis which attaches to the trachea. It is made up predominantly of cartilage. PATHAPHYSIOLOGY The larynx is a dynamic...