by Mark Richardson | Oct 13, 2026 | Sleep
What Is It? A. Definition Repeated episodes of upper airway collapse during REM sleep, leading to snoring, choking, or gasping. Apnoea: complete cessation of breathing. Hypopnoea: partial obstruction with decreasing oxygen or waking. B. Key Symptoms Loud snoring...
by Mark Richardson | Sep 18, 2026 | Uncategorised
A. Definition (First described in 1864): An abnormally patent (open) Eustachian tube, connecting the back of the nose to the middle ear. Autophony: when one hears one’s own voice, breathing, walking and chewing (This is an extremely unpleasant experience). Ear...
by Mark Richardson | Aug 14, 2026 | Sleep
1. Hypersomnia Excessive daytime sleepiness with involuntary falling asleep. Causes: severe snoring, shift work. In children, this often manifests as hyperactivity. 2. Narcolepsy A. Definition: uncontrollable “sleep attacks” with chronic fatigue. B. Type 1 Sudden...
by Mark Richardson | Jul 9, 2026 | Sleep
1. GENERAL. 40% of adults, at some stage, suffer from insomnia and it occurs more in females than males, usually older than 40. This leads to significant daytime consequences, including decreased concentration, memory etc. A Sleep Study is contraindicated and is best...
by Mark Richardson | Jun 23, 2026 | Sleep
1. Recommended Sleep Duration Newborns: Up to 17 hours per day. Adults: Up to 9 hours of uninterrupted sleep per day. Adults (65+ years): More than 7 hours per day. Note: There are 4 stages of sleep (N1, N2, N3, and REM). These will be discussed in a later blog. 2....
