Sequelae

Sequelae

The effects of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction range from mild to severe and can be temporary or permanent.  A retracted or sucked-in, often thinned ear drum, gives a sensation of being blocked, having pressure, ringing in the ears and even imbalance.  Fluid in the middle...
Treatment of laryngitis and hoarseness

Treatment of laryngitis and hoarseness

Speech therapy is important in retraining the correct use of laryngeal muscles and swallowing.  Medical could be cause-specific and include acid suppressants, antibiotics, and TB medication.  In a lot of patients where there is a dysfunctional element, reassurance is...
Diagnosis of Hoarseness

Diagnosis of Hoarseness

The diagnosis is usually made on history and the most important examination tool is the flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscope, which would be done in the rooms and ideally identify the laryngeal lesion.  Depending on the working diagnosis, investigations would continue,...
What is the Eustachian Tube and what is the function?

What is the Eustachian Tube and what is the function?

The Eustachian Tube is a tube between the back of the nose and the middle ear.  It is made up of cartilage and bone and there is approximately 3 ½ cm long in adults.  Of importance is that by the age of seven, the child’s Eustachian Tube is near adult size.  There are...