by Dr. Mark Richardson | Jan 13, 2026 | Throat
GENERAL This cyst is the most common congenital abnormality in the neck and usually presents in the first decade of life. 65% of them arise below the hyoid bone. EMBRYOLOGY The thyroid extends from the base of the tongue to its normal position in the lower...
by Dr. Mark Richardson | Nov 13, 2025 | Ear
OVERVIEW This is a sudden onset of weakness of the whole of one side of the face. The life-time incidence is about one in sixty. There is also an increased incidence during pregnancy, if you have diabetes, a recent upper respiratory tract infection, and it...
by Dr. Mark Richardson | Oct 13, 2025 | Ear
SYMPTOMS Patients with this debilitating syndrome experience recurring episodes of spinning dizziness (vertigo), decreased hearing, fullness in the ear, and tinnitus. These episodes typically last a few minutes to a few hours. They severely impact the...
by Dr. Mark Richardson | Sep 11, 2025 | Throat
GENERAL PAROTID CONDITIONS Infections are the commonest either viral (mumps) or bacterial (with or without duct obstruction). Auto Immune Diseases e.g. Sjogrens Syndrome Tumours. These can be benign or malignant and if malignant may be primarily of the parotid...
by Dr. Mark Richardson | Jul 28, 2025 | Ear
DEFINITION: This is a distorted pinna post healing after trauma and it is regarded as a badge of honour for rugby players. ANATOMY: The pinna is made up of cartilage covered with perichondrium and skin. The blood vessels pass through the perichondrium to the...
